Effects of Ocean Acidification, Hypoxia, and Warming on the Gut Microbiota of the Thick Shell Mussel Mytilus coruscus Through 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Gut microbiota play a very important role in the health of host, such as protecting from pathogens and maintaining homeostasis. However, environmental stressors, ocean acidification, hypoxia, warming can affect microbial communities by causing alteration their structure relative abundance destroying network. The study aimed to evaluate combined effects low pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, on gut mussel Mytilus coruscus . Mussels were exposed two pH levels (8.1, 7.7), DO (6, 2 mg L −1 ), temperature (20, 30°C) for total eight treatments 30 days. experiment results showed that affected community structure, species richness, diversity microbiota. most abundant phyla noted Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed change structure. Low DO, increased cause shifting toward pathogen dominated communities. Linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) significantly enriched biomarkers each group are different at genus level. Phylogenetic investigation reconstruction unobserved states (PICRUSt) microbiome mussels is associated with many functions, amino acid transport metabolism, transcription, energy production conservation, cell wall, membrane envelope biogenesis, other functions. This highlights complexity interaction among marine organisms mussels.